Down syndrome is a disorder in which children are born with an extra additional 21st chromosome. DS Causes mental and physical developmental disability and delays, to understand the case of Down syndrome one must understand the reproduction process. During reproduction, both parents male and female pass their genes. Chromosomes are carried in these genes. During cells development, each cell receives 23 pairs of chromosomes. Half chromosomes came from the father and other half came from the mother.
In Down syndrome children, One of the chromosome doesn’t separate properly, the baby develop with three copies, one extra partial copy, of chromosome 21 called trisomy 21, Instead of two, this extra copy trisomy 21 causes developmental problem in brain and physical features.
Types of Down syndrome:
Down syndrome has three types
- Translocation:
In this Type of Down syndrome children are born with an extra part of chromosomes are 21. In the process of reproduction total 46 chromosomes are but one of them has an extra pieces of chromosome 21 attached.
- Trisomy 21:
In this type of DS, an extra copy is the major and Sever type of Down syndrome.
- Mosaicism:
This is the type of Down syndrome in which an extra copy of chromosome is found some but not with all of their cells. Children with this type of Down syndrome have fewer symptoms then trisomy 21.
Symptoms of Down syndrome
At birth, babies with Down syndrome have symptoms like:
- Short neck
- Small ears and head eyes slant upward
- Poor muscle Tones
- Flat facial features
- Atypically shaped ears
As an infant, children with Down syndrome develop slowly than as child without the Down syndrome condition. Social and Mental Development delay means the child may have.
- Impulsive behavior
- Poor Judgment
- Short attention Span
- Slow in Learning
- Poor Socialization Some where
- Strick Routine Pattern
Medical Symptoms in some children with Down syndrome
- Hearing Loss
- Chronic Constipation
- Dis Location such as hip problems
- Clouded eyes
- Sleep apnea
- Obesity
- During old age, Alzheimer disease
- Late teeth growth
- Problem with chewing
- Dementia
- Poor vision
- Prone to infection
- Respiratory infection some how
- Skin infection
- Urinary infection